The November 2014 update rollup for Windows RT 8. Windows 8. 1, and Windows Server 2012 R2 resolves issues and includes performance and reliability improvements. Google Home owners will probably be talking to their living rooms a lot more thanks to an update that lets the voice assistant make phone calls to the U. S. and Canada. Citrix NetScaler Citrix NetScaler 10. Continues from Part 3. FritzBox 7390AU Support AU Firmware. Lync Edge STUN versus TURN Jeff Schertzs Blog. October 1. 5, 2. 01. Jeff Schertz  The primary purpose of this article is to help explain the difference in the available media paths provided by the Interactive Connectivity Establishment ICE protocol. These solutions provided by the implementation of ICE in Lync Server applies to both UDP and TCP transmission of data so audio, video and desktop sharing sessions can all take advantage of ICE. In Lync 2. 01. 0 nearly every client or server can act as an ICE Client e. Windows client, Front End AVMCU, Mediation Server, etc and utilize the Edge Server to negotiate media sessions between each other. Only the Edge Server role is defined as an ICE Server and is capable of providing the information needed by ICE clients to initialize these connections. Media Traversal Basics. Lom7Bp3MitVZhIPWu2FeMs8KmQM=/http%3A%2F%2Fimagizer.imageshack.us%2Fv2%2F800x600q90%2F924%2FQAs6TY.png' alt='Vpn 1 Edge X Firmware Update' title='Vpn 1 Edge X Firmware Update' />ICE provides two protocol level solutions that nearly every Lync client and server role can leverage to find some available path to establish media between each other. These two protocols are commonly referred to together and the difference between them is not widely understood. Although Lync nearly always finds a way to connect media, when it does not work it can be very beneficial to know what one is looking for even when performing basic troubleshooting steps. Session Traversal Utilities for NAT STUN This protocol basically allows an ICE client which is located behind a firewall providing Network Address Translation to discover the public IP address as well as identify the type of NAT in use and then provide that IP to the other party as a potential candidate to send media to. This IP would be assigned to the Internet facing side of the NAT device which the client is located behind. Anecdotally the acronym STUN may also be seen referred to as Simple Traversal of UDP through NAT which was the protocols original name as defined in now obsolete RFC 3. When the protocol was updated to include support for TCP the name was changed to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT to reflect that it was no longer limited to UDP traffic and retained the same well known acronym. Traversal Using Relays around NAT TURN This protocol allows a dedicated ICE server to provide its own public IP address as a media candidate to one or both parties in a call and will act is a relay or proxy for the media session. This IP would always be the Internet facing public IP address either assigned directly to the server interface or assigned to an external NAT device. A media relay server or ICE server e. UserFiles/image/materials/2008/08/DigiConnectWAN/Screen05.gif' alt='Vpn 1 Edge X Firmware Update' title='Vpn 1 Edge X Firmware Update' />Keep your Lumia smartphone performing to its full potential. Introducing the Lumia Denim software update, available across the entire range of Lumia smartphones. Grab the latest updates, manage your OCZ SSD with SSD Utility, and explore OCZ SSDs for your laptop or PC. The Food and Drug Administration announced today that 465,000 pacemakers installed in the US have a security vulnerability that could be exploited to make the device. Lync Edge Server is utilized to setup the media session and provide the list of potential candidates to both parties in a call regardless of which media delivery option is selected for each leg of the call. The key difference between these two types of solutions though is that media will travel directly between both endpoints if STUN is used, whereas media will be proxied through the Edge Server if TURN is utilized. Also understand that the media stream may not always use the same solution on both legs as STUN may be possible for one endpoint but not for the other endpoint. In any Lync media session used to provide audio, video, desktop sharing, or a combination of each there are three potential routes that media can possibly travel between two endpoints. Regardless of whether the call is a two party call or a multi party conference call there are still only two endpoints in each leg of a conversation either client to client in a peer session or client to server in a conference. So when two endpoints attempt to establish a media session then a list of potential candidates is sent by each endpoint to the other. If no Edge Server is deployed or available then the list will only include local candidates, otherwise when ICE is available then additional candidates will be provided. Host or Local Candidate The actual IP address bound directly to the remote clients host operating system. This could include multiple candidates as the remote host could contain multiple physical or virtual network adapters including any active VPN clients. Most often this will be a single IP address of the active interface on a Lync clients workstation. Reflexive or STUN Candidate The public IP address assigned to the clients immediate firewall perform network address translation. In most home networks this would be the public IP addresses assigned by an ISP either dynamically or statically to the premises modem or router, depending on the type of service. Download Ncaa Football Ps4 there. Relay or TURN Candidate The publically accessible IP address assigned to the media relay server which is allocated to the client. In Lync Server this is the public IP address assigned either directly to the external AV Edge interface or the public IP address allocated to a NAT device e. IP address assigned directly to the Edge Server. In the event that an Edge Pool is deployed then this would be the IP address of one of the individual servers in the pool. At no time during session establishment is the calling endpoint ever aware of the actual location of the remote host, so it will rely on a list of candidate addresses provided in the signaling discussion to attempt to find a target to send the media. The candidates provided are a list of  IP addresses, ports, and protocols which are gathered from information the endpoint knows about the hosts own IP addresses and details that the Edge Server uses and can discover firewall and server addresses. The client will select the best option in the event that multiple paths are available, preferring more direct paths over relay paths, and preferring UDP sessions over TCP for audiovideo calls desktop sharing and file transfer is limited to TCP. But in order for Lync to establish a media connection over any of these paths the client must first validate the list of candidates by opening connections to any and all entries in the list simultaneously. Although there is a preferred order to the candidate list the clients will attempt connections to all at the same time, as checking them in order one at a time would be counterproductive to quickly establishing   This phenomenon will often confuse the first time troubleshooter if client traffic is captured on a basic peer to peer call during media establishment where both endpoints are on the same network and no assistance from the Edge Server would be necessary. Within these traces will often be connection attempts to every single IP address provided in the candidate list, including the relay and reflexive candidates. This behavior is due to Lync Servers inclusion of support for Early Media SIP 1. Session Progress messages which allow Lync to establish a media connection before the called endpoint even answers the call. This is done to eliminate or reduce any delays which might be caused by waiting until after the call is established, thus insuring the users can hear each other immediately in an audio call. It should also be understood that sometimes the first candidate to respond for the early media connection may not be the best candidate for the duration of the call. Thus Lync also supports a mechanism referred to in Lync as Candidate Promotion via a SIP Re INVITE method which provides to change the media path during a session without dropping media or signaling. In practice though this scenario is typical rare as usually the first candidate to respond is the best and often only option.